SKULL LABS® Skull Crusher 350 g

SKULL LABS SKULL CRUSHER pre-workout supplement is a multi-ingredient composition prepared for fans of intensive workouts. The product has been prepared in the form of an easily soluble powder, with incredibly refreshing flavours to quench your thirst. The formula contains as many as 12 active components, which have been selected in optimal proportions and obtained from top quality, tested sources. The composition is a combination of NO boosters, stimulants, nootropic ingredients and B vitamins. The well-thought-out formula guarantees real support during strenuous strength and endurance exercise, and will help you achieve your goals. Experience real help during extreme effort!

What are the benefits of SKULL LABS SKULL CRUSHER ingredients?

• Complete pre-workout - rich composition and perfectly selected proportions of components guarantee solid support - without the need to use additional half-measures!
• Citrulline malate may support nitric oxide (NO) production, which can be valuable for example in increasing performance, improving strength and endurance or subjectively reducing fatigue[1-4]
• The use of beta-alanine during physical activity has a beneficial effect on enhancing carnosine production. As a result, beta-alanine may improve neuromuscular performance, reduce fatigue, enhance cell buffering capacity or increase anaerobic capacity[2,5,6-8]
• Betaine may have important benefits for bodybuilding and for certain training parameters[9,10]
• Caffeine may show positive effects on cognitive function, dismissing feelings of fatigue or increasing performance during psychophysical effort[2,11-13]
• L-theanine may be valuable for improving sleep quality and enhancing certain psychological functions (e.g., reaction time speed or concentration and attention)[14,15]
• There is speculation that the use of ℽ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by people who exercise may affect the concentration of growth hormone (GH)[16]
• Niacin together with vitamin B6 contribute to the proper functioning of the nervous system, affect the reduction of feelings of fatigue and tiredness, and help maintain optimal energy metabolism[17]
• Choline and vitamin B6 have a beneficial effect on keeping normal homocysteine metabolism[17]

Bibliography:

1. Buckinx F., Carvalho L. P., Marcangeli V. High intensity interval training combined with L-citrulline supplementation: Effects on physical performance in healthy older adults. Exp Gerontol. 2020; 140: 111036. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111036. PMID: 32721549
2. Kerksick C. M., Wilborn C. D., Roberts M. D., et al. ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018; 15(1): 38. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y. PMID: 30068354.
3. Glenn J. M., Gray M., Jensen A., et al. Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016; 16(8): 1095–1103. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321. PMID: 27017895.
4. Pérez-Guisado J., Jakeman P. M. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. 2010; 24(5): 1215–1222. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cb28e0. PMID: 20386132.
5. Berti Zanella P., Donner A. F., Guerini de Souza C. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on performance and muscle fatigue in athletes and non-athletes of different sports: a systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017; 57(9): 1132–1141. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06582-8. PMID: 27377257.
6. Trexler E. T., Smith-Ryan A. E., Stout J. R., et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015; 12: 30. doi: 10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y. PMID: 26175657.
7. Artioli G. G. Gualano B., Smith A., et al. Role of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine and exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010; 42(6): 1162–1173. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c74e38. PMID: 20479615
8. Quesnele J. J., Laframboise M. A., Wong J. J., et al. The effects of beta-alanine supplementation on performance: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2014; 24(1): 14–27. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0007. PMID: 23918656.
9. Hoffman J. R., Ratamess N. A., Kang J., et al. Effect of 15 days of betaine ingestion on concentric and eccentric force outputs during isokinetic exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25(8): 2235–2241. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182162530. PMID: 21747291.
10. Trepanowski J. F., Farney T. M., McCarthy C. G., et al. The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation and associated biochemical parameters in resistance trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25(12): 3461–3471. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318217d48d. PMID: 22080324
11. Sökmen B., Armstrong L. E., Kraemer W. J., et al. Caffeine use in sports: considerations for the athlete. J Strength Cond Res. 2008; 22(3): 978–986. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181660cec. PMID: 18438212.
12. Childs E., de Wit H. Subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of acute caffeine in light, nondependent caffeine users. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006; 185(4): 514–523. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0341-3. PMID: 16541243.
13. Wiles J. D., Coleman D., Tegerdine M., et al. The effects of caffeine ingestion on performance time, speed and power during a laboratory-based 1 km cycling time-trial. J Sports Sci. 2006; 24(11): 1165–1171. doi: 10.1080/02640410500457687. PMID: 17035165.
14. Lyon M. R., Kapoor M. P., Juneja L. R. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011; 16(4): 348–354. PMID: 22214254.
15. Higashiyama A., Htay H., Ozeki M., et al. Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response. J Funct Foods. 2011; 3(3): 171–178. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.03.009.
16. Powers M. E., Yarrow J. F., McCoy S. C., et al. Growth hormone isoform responses to GABA ingestion at rest and after exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008; 40(1): 104–110. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318158b518. PMID: 18091016.
17. Rozporządzenie. Nr 432/2012 z dnia 16 maja 2012 r. ustanawiające wykaz dopuszczonych oświadczeń zdrowotnych dotyczących żywności, innych niż oświadczenia odnoszące się do zmniejszenia ryzyka choroby oraz rozwoju i zdrowia dzieci. Dz. Urz. UE L1 36: 1–40.

SKULL LABS® Skull Crusher. Food supplement. With sweeteners. Contains caffeine (200 mg / serving size 8,75 g). Not recommended for children or pregnant women. Product in powder form containing citrulline malate, beta-alanine and taurine, intended for physically active adults.

Ingredients: citrulline malate, beta-alanine, taurine, betaine anhydrous, anti-caking agents (E551, E341), L-tyrosine, acidity regulator (E500(ii)), flavouring¹, flavourings^2,3,4, γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA), caffeine anhydrous, salt, choline bitartrate, choline alfoscerate (alpha-GPC), L-theanine [green tea leaves extract (Camellia sinensis L.); standarized to 99% L-theanine], niacin (nicotinic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride), red zbeet juice concentrate^2,3,4, sweeteners (acesulfame K, sucralose, steviol glycosides), colour/s (E160a^1,2, E104¹). E104: May have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.

Recommended use: Mix ~1 scoop of powder (8,75 g) with 150-200 ml of water. Drink 1 portion in the morning and 1 portion 30-45 minutes before workout.

Warnings: Do not use if you are allergic to any of the product compounds. Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied diet. A varied and balanced diet and healthy lifestyle are recommended. Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Keep out of reach of young children. Do not exceed a dose of 400 mg caffeine per day from all sources. Do not consume with alcohol. If you take medications, you should consult your doctor before you consume the product. The measure included in the packet serves to facilitate portioning, but it does not guarantee precise dosing. It is advisable to use scales in order to measure out the exact amount. Shake the package well before use. This product is sold by weight not volume. Some settling of powder may occur during shipping and handling, which may affect density of powder. This product contains the serving indicated when measured exactly by weight.

Flavours: Mango-Maracuja¹, Citrus-Peach², Lychee³, Dragon Fruit⁴.

SKULL LABS® Skull Crusher. Food supplement

%NRV - Nutrient Reference Values